The National Health Museum's Graphics Gallery (click here) is a series of labeled diagrams with explanations representing the important processes of biotechnology. Each diagram is followed by a summary of information, providing a context for the process illustrated. The entire resource as been posted below for your convenience.
From Gene to Function
The major actors of molecular biology: the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA.
How they carry and transfer genetic information from one cell generation to the next and translate this coded information into active proteins.
- Hammerling's Acetabularia
- Hershey-Chase Blender Experiment
- Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- Structure of DNA
- DNA Molecule - Two Views
- Possible Models for DNA Replication
- DNA Replicating Itself
- Collaboration of Proteins During Replication
- RNA and DNA
- RNA Synthesis and Processing
- Induction of the lac Operon
- Protein Synthesis
- The Genetic Code
- Base Pair
- Base Pair - A More Detailed View
- Cloning from Adult Vertebrate Cells
- Codon
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
- DNA - A More Detailed View
- DNA Replication
- Exon
- Exon - A More Detailed View
- Intron
- Repressor Protein Switching Genes On and Off
- RNA - (ribonucleic acid)
- RNA - A More Detailed View
- Initiation of Transcription by RNA Polymerase
- mRNA (Messenger RNA)
- Control of the Human B-Globin Gene
- Regulatory Protein Coordinating Gene Expression
- Steps Leading from Gene to Protein
- Control of Gene Expression
- Importance of Combinatorial Gene Control
Building Blocks
From atoms to molecules and cells to tissues, a study of structure and function.
Biochemistry:
- Covalent and Ionic Bonds
- Chemical Bonds and Groups Part 1
- Chemical Bonds and Groups Part 2
- Chemical Properties of Water Part 1
- Chemical Properties of Water Part 2
- Enzyme
- Families of Small Organic Molecules
- Types of Weak Non-covalent Bonds Part 1
- Types of Weak Non-covalent Bonds Part 2
- Macromolecules in Cells
- Molecules Drawn to Scale
- Binding Site of a Protein
- Outline of Sugar Types Found in Cells Part 1
- Outline of Sugar Types Found in Cells Part 2
- Fatty Acids and other Lipids Part 1
- Fatty Acids and other Lipids Part 2
- Amino Acid
- Amino Acids found in Proteins Part 1
- Amino Acids found in Proteins Part 2
- Nucleotide
- Nucleotide - A More Detailed View
- Survey of Nucleotides Part 1
- Survey of Nucleotides Part 2
- Protein
- Protein Structure
Cells:
- Blastocyst
- Cell
- Internal Membranes and Cytosol
- Nucleus
- Relative Sizes of Cells and their Components
- Ribosomes
Tissues:
- Mammalian Differentiated Cell Types Part 1
- Mammalian Differentiated Cell Types Part 2
- Plant Cells and Tissues Part 1
- Plant Cells and Tissues Part 2
Chromosomes and Cell Division
Eucaryotic cell duplication: how chromosomes and genes transmit the information from one mother cell to subsequent generations.
- Comparative Scale of Mapping
- Human Chromosomes
- Nucleosome
- Genes
- Mutation of Chromosomes
- Mitosis
- Mitosis: labeled diagram
- Meiosis
- Comparison of meiosis and mitosis
- Sequences of Base Pairs Mapping
- Crossing-over and Recombination During Meiosis
- Levels of Chromatin Packing
- Chromosome
- Metaphase
- Mutations
Biological Engineering
From the existing techniques of DNA cloning to gene therapy: understanding the present and a look at the future of genetic engineering.
- Biotechnology - The Present and The Future
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Restriction Enzyme: Action of EcoRI
- Inserting DNA into Plasmid
- Cloning into a plasmid
- Transfer and Cloning of the Insulin Gene
- Cloning into a YAC
- Monoclonal Antibody Production
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transgenic Mice
- Cell Breakage and Fractionation Part 1
- Cell Breakage and Fractionation Part 2
- Cytogenetic Map
- FISH - fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Means of Protein Separation
- Microarray Technology
- Microdissection
- SKY (spectral karyotype)
- Southern Blotting: Gel Transfer
- Construction of a Human Genomic Library
- Use of PCR in Forensic Science
Genetics
From Mendel to hemophilia: introduction to the major principles of heredity. biological inheritance influences what and who we are.
- Mendel: Experiment 1
- Recessive and Dominant Inheritance
- Sex Linked Inheritance: Drosophilia
- X-linked inheritance: Hemophilia
- Autosome
- Demo that DNA is Genetic Material
- Gene
- Gene - A More Detailed View
- Haploid, Diploid Cycle
- Deletion
- Duplication
- Insertion
- Pedigree
- Polydactyly
- Sex Chromosomes
- Translocation
Viruses
Genetic messengers surrounded by a protein coat.
- Examples of Viruses
- Influenza A Virus Replication
- Diagram of a Retrovirus
- Retrovirus Replication
- Overlapping Protein Codes
- Adenovirus
- Life Cycle of a Bacteriophage
- Life Cycle of a Retrovirus
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Cell Processes
Cells and how they operate
Communication:
Energy:
- A Simplified Diagram of Cell Metabolism
- An Outline of Glycolysis
- Details of the 10 Steps of Glycolysis - Part 1 (steps 1 - 5)
- Details of the 10 Steps of Glycolysis - Part 2 (steps 6 - final result)
- Anaerobic Breakdown of Pyruvate
- A Simple Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle
- The Complete Citric Acid Cycle - Part 1 (overview and steps 1 and 2)
- The Complete Citric Acid Cycle - Part 2 (steps 3 through 8)
- Glycolysis and Citric Acid Precursors
- Carbon-fixation Cycle
- Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways
- Interconversions of Energy
- Photosynthesis and Respiration
- Floating Ball Anologies for Enzyme Catalysis
- Interconversion of ATP and ADP
- Synthesis of Biological Polymers
- Cellular Oxidation vs. Burning of Sugar
- Production of Acetyl CoA
Immunity:
Specialized Processes:
- Propagation of an Action Potential
- Conversion of Signal: Electrical to Chemical
- Cytoskeleton Filaments
- Myosin and Actin Model
- Cell Proliferation
- Collagen and Elastin
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